What is the formula for Celsius to Fahrenheit?

°F = °C × 9/5 + 32. For example, 180°C = 180 × 1.8 + 32 = 356°F. In practice, recipes round to 350°F.

How do Gas Marks work?

Gas Marks are a UK temperature scale used on gas ovens. Gas Mark 1 is approximately 135°C, and each increment adds about 14°C. Gas Mark 4 (177°C) is a common moderate baking temperature.

What is the difference between fan and conventional oven temperatures?

Fan ovens (also called convection ovens) circulate hot air, cooking more evenly and efficiently. They run about 20°C hotter in effect, so recipes written for conventional ovens need the temperature reduced by 20°C when using a fan oven.

Why does my oven seem hotter or cooler than the setting?

Oven thermostats can be inaccurate, sometimes by 10-20°C or more. An oven thermometer (about £5) is the best way to check. Hot spots are also common — rotate bakes halfway through for even results.

What are the most common baking temperatures?

The most commonly used oven temperatures in baking are: 140-150 degrees C for slow baking (fruit cakes, meringues), 160-170 degrees C for gentle baking (cheesecakes, custards), 180 degrees C for most cakes and biscuits, 200-220 degrees C for bread and pastry, and 230-250 degrees C for pizza and flatbreads.

BakeCalcs

Oven Temperature Converter

Convert between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Gas Mark, and fan oven temperatures instantly.

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Temperature

How We Calculate This

This converter uses standard conversion formulas between the three main oven temperature scales, plus the fan oven adjustment.

Conversion Formulas

°C to °F: °F = °C × 9/5 + 32
°F to °C: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9
°C to Gas Mark: GM ≈ (°C − 121) ÷ 14
Fan oven: Fan = Conventional − 20°C

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Last updated: February 2026

All calculations are based on standard ratios and conversions. Results may vary with specific ingredients, equipment, and conditions.